WISAYAH DAN AMANAH: ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIAH DAN SIVIL DALAM PERANCANGAN HARTA PUSAKA
Wisayah and Trust: A Comparison Study Between Shariah and Civil Law in Islamic Inheritance Planning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/js.vol28no2.2Keywords:
wiá¹£Äyah, civil trust, Islamic trust, beneficiary, Islamic estate planningAbstract
The appointment of executors through wisayah and trust in Islamic estate planning can guarantee the benefit of the beneficiary and the trust property itself. This concept of trust has been evolved from the time of the Prophet SAW. However, the concept of trust practising in the industry nowadays is to be quite different compare to Islamic concept. Therefore, this article will study the concept of wisayah and trust in the care of underage beneficiaries from two different perspectives; Civil law and Shariah law. The author uses qualitative research by applying library approaches and interviews. Amanah Raya Berhad was chosen as a sample of study to indicate the civil trust concept. The findings of this study will be analyzed based on the descriptive and comparative analysis. The result shows that wisayah and trust are two instruments of Islamic estate planning that have the same objective even though they are referring to different laws. In conclusion, the appointment of an executor through the concept of wisayah and trust is important to protect the rights and the property of the minor after the deceased of the donor.
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References
‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad Sa‘īd, ‘al-Wiṣāyah fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Qānūn al-Aḥwāl al-Shakhṣiyyah al-Urdūnī: Dirāsah Muqāranah’ (Risālah al-Duktūrah, fī al-Fiqh wa Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Kulliyyah al-Dirāsāh al-‘Ulyā, al-Jāmi‘ah al-Urdūniyah, 2005).
Abī Dāwud, Sulayman bin al-Ash‘ath, Sunan Abī Dāwud, vol. 3 (Bayrūt, Lubnān: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, t.t.).
Abdullah Muhammad, ‘Pengamanahan Harta Orang Islam di Malaysia,’ dalam Harta Amanah Orang Islam di Malaysia: Perspektif Undang-Undang dan Pentadbiran, ed. Siti Mashitoh Mahamood (Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 2006), 123-132.
Akmal Hidayah Halim, ‘The Legality of A Living Trust As An Instrument for Islamic Wealth Management: A Malaysian Perspective,’ IIUM Law Journal, vol. 19/1 (2011): 35-50.
Akmal Hidayah Halim & Tajul Aris Ahmad Bustami, ‘Pelaksanaan Hibah Amanah sebagai Suatu Instrumen Pengurusan Harta Islam di Malaysia,’ Kanun: Jurnal Undang-Undang Malaysia, vol. 29/2 (2017): 90-115.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad bin Ismā‘īl, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 8 (Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār Ṭūq al-Najāh, 2001).
Al Azifah Mohd Safie, ‘Penderafan Dokumen Wasiat Islam di Amanah Raya Berhad: Analisis Menurut Perspektif Islam,’ (Disertasi Sarjana, Jabatan Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 2010).
Alias Azhar, Mohammad Azam Hussain, Muhammad Hafiz Badarulzaman & Fauziah Mohd Noor, ‘Pengurusan Harta dalam Islam: Perspektif Hibah di Malaysia,’ Journal of Human Development and Communication (2014): 115-128.
Amanah Raya Berhad, ‘Mengenai Amanah Raya Berhad,’ https://www.amanahraya.my/ms/tentang-amanah-raya-berhad/ dicapai pada 2 April 2020.
Andi Mohamad Zulkhairi Muhamad, ‘Konsep Amanah dalam Pengurusan Islam dari Sudut Maqasid Syariah (Penjagaan Harta),’ Prosiding Seminar Pengurusan Islam: Ke Arah Pemantapan Ummah (Bangi: Jabatan Pengajian Dakwah dan Kepimpinan, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2015), 1-9.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā bin Sharf, Minhāj al-Ṭālibīn wa ‘Umdah al-Muftīn fī al-Fiqh (Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Fikr, 2005).
Ashrāf Ḥanḍal al-Shā‘īr, ‘Aḥkām al-Wiṣāyah fī al-Sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyah wa Madā Taṭbīqatuhā fī al-Maḥākim al-Shar‘iyyah fī Qiṭa‘ al-Ghazzah’ (Risālah al-Mājistir, Kulliyyah al-Shārīah wa al-Qānūn, al-Jāmi‘ah al-Islāmiyyah bi Ghazzah, 2006).
Badruddin Hj Ibrahim, ‘The Concept of al-Wisayah with Special Reference to the Administration of A Minor’s Property Under Islamic Law and the Enacted Islamic Law in Malaysia,’ (Ph.D Thesis, Kulliyyah Undang-Undang Ahmad Ibrahim, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, 2006).
Badruddin Hj Ibrahim, ‘Will of Entrustment As A Means of Protection of Children’s Right To Property in Islamic Law,’ Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 6/11 (2012): 85-94.
Berita Harian, ‘Rancang Perwarisan Demi Legasi Masa Depan’ https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/komentar/2017/08/316408/rancang-pewarisan-demi-legasi-masa-depan, dicapai pada 2 April 2020.
Ibn ‘Āshūr, Muḥamad al-Ṭāhir bin Muḥammad, Maqāṣid al-Shārī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah, vol. 2 (Qaṭar: Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn Islāmiyyah, 2004).
Izawati Wook, Nawal Sholehuddin, Nurfadhilah Che Amani, Siti Selihah Che Hassan, Azman Ab. Rahman, Mohamad Zaharuddin Zakaria & Tengku Mansur Tengku Zainal Abidin, ‘Tanah Adat di Negeri Sembilan: Undang-Undang, Pelaksanaan dan Realiti,’ Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, vol. 5 (Khas) (2017): 1-10.
Kasimah Kamaruddin & Md. Yazid Ahmad, ‘Analysis of the Understanding of Muslim Will Writing in Melacca,’ Islāmiyyāt, vol. 34 (2012): 71-82.
Mohd Yazid Zulkepli & Tajul Aris Ahmad Bustami, ‘The Grey Side of Hibah Amanah As Inheritance Instrument in Malaysia,’ Al-Shajarah, vol. 24/2 (2019): 267-292.
Mohamad Naser Disa, ‘Penyelarasan Undang-Undang Pewarisan: Isu-Isu Penyelesaiannya,’ (Kertas kerja, Konvensyen Perwarisan Harta Islam, Amanah Raya Berhad, 2007), 43-65.
Muḥamad Sa‘īd Ṭanṭāwī, al-Tafsīr al-Wasīt li al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm, vol. 5 (Qāhirah: Dār al-Naḥḍah, 1997).
Muṣṭafā al-Khin, Muṣṭafā al-Bughā, ‘Alī al-Sharbajī, al-Fiqh al-Manhajī ‘alā Madhhab al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī, vol. 5 & 6 (Dimashq: Dār al-Qalam, 1992).
Nasrul Hisyam Nor Muhamad, ‘Pemakaian Prinsip Hibah dalam Sistem Kewangan Islam di Malaysia: Tumpuan Kepada Industri Perbankan Islam dan Takaful,’ Jurnal Teknologi (2010): 69-81.
Nasrul Hisyam Nor Muhamad, Wasiat dan Wisayah dalam Perancangan Harta: Prinsip dan Amalan (Skudai: UTM Press, 2012).
Naziree Md Yusof, ‘Hukum Wisoyah & Realiti Permasalahannya dalam Konteks Perancangan Pusaka Islam,’ Jurnal Muamalat, vol. 1 (2008): 73-102.
Norazlina Abdul Aziz, Irini Ibrahim & Mohd Norhusairi Mat Hussin, ‘Harta Sepencarian/Aset Perkahwinan Bagi Pembubaran Perkahwinan di Bawah Seksyen 51 Akta Membaharui Undang-undang (Perkahwinan dan Perceraian) 1976 Serta Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984,’ Journal of Shariah Law Research, vol. 4/1 (2019), 1-26.
Othman Yaacob, ‘Pembentukan Trust Hibah sebagai Alternatif Perancangan Harta,’ dalam Harta Amanah Orang Islam di Malaysia: Perspektif Undang-Undang dan Pentadbiran, ed. Siti Mashitoh Mahamood (Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 2006), 171-207.
Resali Muda, ‘Harta Pusaka Islam di Malaysia: Antara Perundangan dan Pentadbiran,’ Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, vol. 4/1 (2016): 3-5.
Sayyid Sābiq, Fiqh al-Sunnah, vol. 3 (Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Arabī, 1997).
Suhaili Alma’amun, ‘Islamic Estate Planning : Analysing the Malaysian Perceptions on Wasiyyah (Will) and Bequest Practices,’ (Ph.D Thesis, Institute of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, School of Government and International Affair, Durham University 2010).
Suhaimi Ab Rahman, Rasyikah Md Khalid, Adilah Abd Razak & Abu Bakar Jaafar, ‘Pemerkasaan Mahkamah Syariah dalam Pentadbiran Harta Pusaka Masyarakat Islam menurut Kerangka Federalisme di Malaysia,’ Akademika, vol. 88/3 (2018): 113-125.
Suhaimi Ab Rahman, Rasyikah Md Khalid & Abu Bakar Jaafar, ‘Kajian Keberkesanan Undang-Undang Faraid di Malaysia,’ Akademika, vol. 89 (Isu Khas 2) (2019): 77-91.
Tun Abdul Hamid Omar, ‘Bidang Kuasa Mahkamah Sivil dalam Pentadbiran Harta Amanah di Malaysia,’ https://tunabdulhamid.me/2001/11/bidangkuasa-mahkamah-sivil-dalam-pentadbiran-harta-amanah-dimalaysia/, dicapai pada 13 April 2020.
Senarai Statut
Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia
Akta Pemegang Amanah 1949 (Akta 208)
Akta Syarikat Amanah 1949 (Akta 100)
Akta Pemegang Amanah (Perbadanan) 1952
Akta Perbadanan Amanah Raya 1955 (Akta 532)
Akta Syarikat Amanah Labuan (1990 (Akta 442)
Akta Pembahagian 1958 (Akta 300)
Akta Pesaka Kecil (Pembahagian) 1955 (Akta 98)
Akta Probate Dan Pentadbiran 1959 (Akta 97)
Akta Perwarisan (Peruntukan Keluarga) Akta 1971
Akta Wasiat 1959 (Akta 346)
Akta Insuran 1996
Akta Kanun Tanah Negara 1965
Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984
Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2003
Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam Perak (2004)
Senarai Kes
Azzaharuddin bin Mohd Nadzir lwn Nordin bin Mohd Nazir & Lain-lain [2009] 4 ShLR 106
TM Feroze Khan & Ors lwn Meera Hussain TM Mohamed Mydin [2006] 3 CLJ 616
Wan Naimah lwn Wan Mohamad Nawawi (1974) 1 MLJ 41
Yong Nyee Fan & Sons Sdn. Bhd v Kim Guan & Co. Sdn. Bhd [1979] 1 MLJ 182
Temu bual
Muhammad Nidzamuddin Ibrahim (Eksekutif, Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah, Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
Noorhajar Abu Bakar (Eksekutif Kanan, Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
Rosmah Mansor (Pengurus Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah, Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
Syamsuri Idris (Eksekutif, Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah, Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
Abī Dāwud, Sulayman bin al-Ash‘ath, Sunan Abī Dāwud, vol. 3 (Bayrūt, Lubnān: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, t.t.).
Abdullah Muhammad, ‘Pengamanahan Harta Orang Islam di Malaysia,’ dalam Harta Amanah Orang Islam di Malaysia: Perspektif Undang-Undang dan Pentadbiran, ed. Siti Mashitoh Mahamood (Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 2006), 123-132.
Akmal Hidayah Halim, ‘The Legality of A Living Trust As An Instrument for Islamic Wealth Management: A Malaysian Perspective,’ IIUM Law Journal, vol. 19/1 (2011): 35-50.
Akmal Hidayah Halim & Tajul Aris Ahmad Bustami, ‘Pelaksanaan Hibah Amanah sebagai Suatu Instrumen Pengurusan Harta Islam di Malaysia,’ Kanun: Jurnal Undang-Undang Malaysia, vol. 29/2 (2017): 90-115.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad bin Ismā‘īl, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 8 (Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār Ṭūq al-Najāh, 2001).
Al Azifah Mohd Safie, ‘Penderafan Dokumen Wasiat Islam di Amanah Raya Berhad: Analisis Menurut Perspektif Islam,’ (Disertasi Sarjana, Jabatan Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 2010).
Alias Azhar, Mohammad Azam Hussain, Muhammad Hafiz Badarulzaman & Fauziah Mohd Noor, ‘Pengurusan Harta dalam Islam: Perspektif Hibah di Malaysia,’ Journal of Human Development and Communication (2014): 115-128.
Amanah Raya Berhad, ‘Mengenai Amanah Raya Berhad,’ https://www.amanahraya.my/ms/tentang-amanah-raya-berhad/ dicapai pada 2 April 2020.
Andi Mohamad Zulkhairi Muhamad, ‘Konsep Amanah dalam Pengurusan Islam dari Sudut Maqasid Syariah (Penjagaan Harta),’ Prosiding Seminar Pengurusan Islam: Ke Arah Pemantapan Ummah (Bangi: Jabatan Pengajian Dakwah dan Kepimpinan, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2015), 1-9.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā bin Sharf, Minhāj al-Ṭālibīn wa ‘Umdah al-Muftīn fī al-Fiqh (Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Fikr, 2005).
Ashrāf Ḥanḍal al-Shā‘īr, ‘Aḥkām al-Wiṣāyah fī al-Sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyah wa Madā Taṭbīqatuhā fī al-Maḥākim al-Shar‘iyyah fī Qiṭa‘ al-Ghazzah’ (Risālah al-Mājistir, Kulliyyah al-Shārīah wa al-Qānūn, al-Jāmi‘ah al-Islāmiyyah bi Ghazzah, 2006).
Badruddin Hj Ibrahim, ‘The Concept of al-Wisayah with Special Reference to the Administration of A Minor’s Property Under Islamic Law and the Enacted Islamic Law in Malaysia,’ (Ph.D Thesis, Kulliyyah Undang-Undang Ahmad Ibrahim, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, 2006).
Badruddin Hj Ibrahim, ‘Will of Entrustment As A Means of Protection of Children’s Right To Property in Islamic Law,’ Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 6/11 (2012): 85-94.
Berita Harian, ‘Rancang Perwarisan Demi Legasi Masa Depan’ https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/komentar/2017/08/316408/rancang-pewarisan-demi-legasi-masa-depan, dicapai pada 2 April 2020.
Ibn ‘Āshūr, Muḥamad al-Ṭāhir bin Muḥammad, Maqāṣid al-Shārī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah, vol. 2 (Qaṭar: Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn Islāmiyyah, 2004).
Izawati Wook, Nawal Sholehuddin, Nurfadhilah Che Amani, Siti Selihah Che Hassan, Azman Ab. Rahman, Mohamad Zaharuddin Zakaria & Tengku Mansur Tengku Zainal Abidin, ‘Tanah Adat di Negeri Sembilan: Undang-Undang, Pelaksanaan dan Realiti,’ Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, vol. 5 (Khas) (2017): 1-10.
Kasimah Kamaruddin & Md. Yazid Ahmad, ‘Analysis of the Understanding of Muslim Will Writing in Melacca,’ Islāmiyyāt, vol. 34 (2012): 71-82.
Mohd Yazid Zulkepli & Tajul Aris Ahmad Bustami, ‘The Grey Side of Hibah Amanah As Inheritance Instrument in Malaysia,’ Al-Shajarah, vol. 24/2 (2019): 267-292.
Mohamad Naser Disa, ‘Penyelarasan Undang-Undang Pewarisan: Isu-Isu Penyelesaiannya,’ (Kertas kerja, Konvensyen Perwarisan Harta Islam, Amanah Raya Berhad, 2007), 43-65.
Muḥamad Sa‘īd Ṭanṭāwī, al-Tafsīr al-Wasīt li al-Qur’ān al-‘Aẓīm, vol. 5 (Qāhirah: Dār al-Naḥḍah, 1997).
Muṣṭafā al-Khin, Muṣṭafā al-Bughā, ‘Alī al-Sharbajī, al-Fiqh al-Manhajī ‘alā Madhhab al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī, vol. 5 & 6 (Dimashq: Dār al-Qalam, 1992).
Nasrul Hisyam Nor Muhamad, ‘Pemakaian Prinsip Hibah dalam Sistem Kewangan Islam di Malaysia: Tumpuan Kepada Industri Perbankan Islam dan Takaful,’ Jurnal Teknologi (2010): 69-81.
Nasrul Hisyam Nor Muhamad, Wasiat dan Wisayah dalam Perancangan Harta: Prinsip dan Amalan (Skudai: UTM Press, 2012).
Naziree Md Yusof, ‘Hukum Wisoyah & Realiti Permasalahannya dalam Konteks Perancangan Pusaka Islam,’ Jurnal Muamalat, vol. 1 (2008): 73-102.
Norazlina Abdul Aziz, Irini Ibrahim & Mohd Norhusairi Mat Hussin, ‘Harta Sepencarian/Aset Perkahwinan Bagi Pembubaran Perkahwinan di Bawah Seksyen 51 Akta Membaharui Undang-undang (Perkahwinan dan Perceraian) 1976 Serta Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984,’ Journal of Shariah Law Research, vol. 4/1 (2019), 1-26.
Othman Yaacob, ‘Pembentukan Trust Hibah sebagai Alternatif Perancangan Harta,’ dalam Harta Amanah Orang Islam di Malaysia: Perspektif Undang-Undang dan Pentadbiran, ed. Siti Mashitoh Mahamood (Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 2006), 171-207.
Resali Muda, ‘Harta Pusaka Islam di Malaysia: Antara Perundangan dan Pentadbiran,’ Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, vol. 4/1 (2016): 3-5.
Sayyid Sābiq, Fiqh al-Sunnah, vol. 3 (Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Arabī, 1997).
Suhaili Alma’amun, ‘Islamic Estate Planning : Analysing the Malaysian Perceptions on Wasiyyah (Will) and Bequest Practices,’ (Ph.D Thesis, Institute of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, School of Government and International Affair, Durham University 2010).
Suhaimi Ab Rahman, Rasyikah Md Khalid, Adilah Abd Razak & Abu Bakar Jaafar, ‘Pemerkasaan Mahkamah Syariah dalam Pentadbiran Harta Pusaka Masyarakat Islam menurut Kerangka Federalisme di Malaysia,’ Akademika, vol. 88/3 (2018): 113-125.
Suhaimi Ab Rahman, Rasyikah Md Khalid & Abu Bakar Jaafar, ‘Kajian Keberkesanan Undang-Undang Faraid di Malaysia,’ Akademika, vol. 89 (Isu Khas 2) (2019): 77-91.
Tun Abdul Hamid Omar, ‘Bidang Kuasa Mahkamah Sivil dalam Pentadbiran Harta Amanah di Malaysia,’ https://tunabdulhamid.me/2001/11/bidangkuasa-mahkamah-sivil-dalam-pentadbiran-harta-amanah-dimalaysia/, dicapai pada 13 April 2020.
Senarai Statut
Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia
Akta Pemegang Amanah 1949 (Akta 208)
Akta Syarikat Amanah 1949 (Akta 100)
Akta Pemegang Amanah (Perbadanan) 1952
Akta Perbadanan Amanah Raya 1955 (Akta 532)
Akta Syarikat Amanah Labuan (1990 (Akta 442)
Akta Pembahagian 1958 (Akta 300)
Akta Pesaka Kecil (Pembahagian) 1955 (Akta 98)
Akta Probate Dan Pentadbiran 1959 (Akta 97)
Akta Perwarisan (Peruntukan Keluarga) Akta 1971
Akta Wasiat 1959 (Akta 346)
Akta Insuran 1996
Akta Kanun Tanah Negara 1965
Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984
Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2003
Enakmen Pentadbiran Agama Islam Perak (2004)
Senarai Kes
Azzaharuddin bin Mohd Nadzir lwn Nordin bin Mohd Nazir & Lain-lain [2009] 4 ShLR 106
TM Feroze Khan & Ors lwn Meera Hussain TM Mohamed Mydin [2006] 3 CLJ 616
Wan Naimah lwn Wan Mohamad Nawawi (1974) 1 MLJ 41
Yong Nyee Fan & Sons Sdn. Bhd v Kim Guan & Co. Sdn. Bhd [1979] 1 MLJ 182
Temu bual
Muhammad Nidzamuddin Ibrahim (Eksekutif, Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah, Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
Noorhajar Abu Bakar (Eksekutif Kanan, Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
Rosmah Mansor (Pengurus Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah, Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
Syamsuri Idris (Eksekutif, Jabatan Pentadbiran Amanah, Amanah Raya Berhad), dalam temu bual beliau bersama penulis pada 5 Mac 2020.
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Published
2020-08-26
How to Cite
Abdullah, M. M., Awang, A. B., & Nor Muhammad, N. H. (2020). WISAYAH DAN AMANAH: ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN UNDANG-UNDANG SYARIAH DAN SIVIL DALAM PERANCANGAN HARTA PUSAKA: Wisayah and Trust: A Comparison Study Between Shariah and Civil Law in Islamic Inheritance Planning. Jurnal Syariah, 28(2), 157–188. https://doi.org/10.22452/js.vol28no2.2
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