SUNLIGHT DRIVEN PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL BY POLYPYRROLE/GRAPHENE OXIDE COMPOSITES
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Published:
Feb 28, 2021
Keywords:
Polypyrrole; Graphene Oxide; conducting polymer metal oxides photocatalytic degradation
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Abstract
Polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PPy/GO) was synthesized and evaluated as an effective photocatalyst to degrade 2-chlorophenol from aqueous solution under solar light irradiation. The PPy/GO composite was synthesized by the incorporation of PPy with the GO using Hummer’s method(s). Three different compositions of PPy/GO composites were prepared with the varying ratio of PPy and GO (1:1, 1:4, 9:1). Physicochemical properties of pristine PPy, GO and as synthesized PPy/GO composites were characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, and SEM with EDX. The characterizations results revealed that PPy was successfully integrated with the GO in the PPy/GO composites. The photodegradation of 10 ppm of 2-chlorophenol has been observed under sunlight for 3 hours with the exposure contact time of 180 minutes before being tested with UV-Vis in order to obtain the percentage of degradation in the sunlight. The degradation study exhibited that PPy/GO composite with the ratio of 1:1 exhibited the highest percentage of degradation of ~ 71.08 and 68.96 % at the time of 180 minutes and 3 hours respectively.
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Baharin, S. N. A., Sambasevam, K. P., Suhaimi, N. F., Rahat, A., Rahman, S., & Musiran, S. N. (2021). SUNLIGHT DRIVEN PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL BY POLYPYRROLE/GRAPHENE OXIDE COMPOSITES. Malaysian Journal of Science, 40(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no1.6
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Shrikrushna, S., Kher, J. A., & Kulkarni, M. V. (2015). Influence of Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Doping on Structural, Morphological, Electrical and Optical Properties on Polypyrrole/3C-SiC Nanocomposites. J Nanomed Nanotechnol, 6(5), 313. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000313
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Vadivel, S., Theerthagiri, J., Madhavan, J., & Maruthamani, D. (2016). Synthesis of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite via ultrasonication method for photocatalytic applications. Materials Focus, 5(4), 393-397. https://doi.org/10.1166/mat.2016.1367
Wu, B., Zhang, X., Huang, B., Zhao, Y., Cheng, C., & Chen, H. (2017). High-Performance wireless ammonia gas sensors based on reduced graphene oxide and Nano-Silver ink hybrid material loaded on a patch antenna. Sensors (Switzerland), 17(9), 2070. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092070
Yang, S., Shen, C., Liang, Y., Tong, H., He, W., Shi, X., … Gao, H. J. (2011). Graphene nanosheets-polypyrrole hybrid material as a highly active catalyst support for formic acid electro-oxidation. Nanoscale, 3(8), 3277–3284. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10371g
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Zhao, Y., Xia, K., Zhang, Z., Zhu, Z., Guo, Y., & Qu, Z. (2019). Facile synthesis of polypyrrole-functionalized CoFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 for removal for Hg(II). Nanomaterials, 9(3), 455 (1-21). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9030455
Bustos-Ramirez, K., Barrera-Diaz, C. E., De Icaza, M., Martínez-Hernández, A. L., & Velasco-Santos, C. (2015). Photocatalytic activity in phenol removal of water from graphite and graphene oxides: Effect of degassing and chemical oxidation in the synthesis process. Journal of Chemistry, 2015, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/254631
Cao, J., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Li, X., Walsh, F. C., Ouyang, J. H., … Zhou, Y. (2015). Three-dimensional graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite electrodes fabricated by one-step electrodeposition for high performance supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(27), 14445–14457. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02920a
Chougule, M. A., Pawar, S. G., Godse, P. R., Mulik, R. N., Sen, S., & Patil, V. B. (2011). Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrrole (PPy) Thin Films. Soft Nanoscience Letters, 01(01), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.4236/snl.2011.11002
Deng, M., Yang, X., Silke, M., Qiu, W., Xu, M., Borghs, G., & Chen, H. (2011). Electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole/graphene oxide composite on microelectrodes towards tuning the electrochemical properties of neural probes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 158(1), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SNB.2011.05.062
Emiru, T. F., & Ayele, D. W. (2017). Controlled synthesis, characterization and reduction of graphene oxide: A convenient method for large scale production. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2016.11.002
Ferenets, M., & Harlin, A. (2007). Chemical in situ polymerization of polypyrrole on poly(methyl metacrylate) substrate. Thin Solid Films, 515(13), 5324–5328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.01.008
Gascho, J. L. S., Costa, S. F., Recco, A. A. C., & Pezzin, S. H. (2019). Graphene Oxide Films Obtained by Vacuum Filtration: X-Ray Diffraction Evidence of Crystalline Reorganization. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2019, 5963148 (1-12). https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5963148
He, D., Peng, Z., Gong, W., Luo, Y., Zhao, P., & Kong, L. (2015). Mechanism of a green graphene oxide reduction with reusable potassium carbonate. RSC Advances, 5(16), 11966–11972. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14511a
Igbinosa, E. O., Odjadjare, E. E., Chigor, V. N., Igbinosa, I. H., Emoghene, A. O., Ekhaise, F. O., … Montoliu, C. (2013). Toxicological Profile of Chlorophenols and Their Derivatives in the Environment: The Public Health Perspective. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/460215
Konwer, S., Boruah, R., & Dolui, S. K. (2011). Studies on conducting polypyrrole/graphene oxide composites as supercapacitor electrode. Journal of Electronic Materials, 40(11), 2248–2255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1749-z
Li, S., Lu, X., Xue, Y., Lei, J., Zheng, T., & Wang, C. (2012). Fabrication of Polypyrrole/Graphene Oxide Composite Nanosheets and Their Applications for Cr(VI) Removal in Aqueous Solution. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e43328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043328
Lü, K., Zhao, G., & Wang, X. (2012). A brief review of graphene-based material synthesis and its application in environmental pollution management. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(11), 1223–1234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-4986-5
Majumdar, S., Nath, J., & Mahanta, D. (2018). Surface modified polypyrrole for the efficient removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous medium. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(2), 2588–2596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.04.002
Mitra, M., Ahamed, S. T., Ghosh, A., Mondal, A., Kargupta, K., Ganguly, S., & Banerjee, D. (2019). Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite-Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Organic Dyes. ACS Omega, 4(1), 1623–1635. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02941
Molina, J., Zille, A., Fernández, J., Souto, A. P., Bonastre, J., & Cases, F. (2015). Conducting fabrics of polyester coated with polypyrrole and doped with graphene oxide. Synthetic Metals, 204, 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.03.014
Munawaroh, H., Sari, P. L., Wahyuningsih, S., & Ramelan, A. H. (2018). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using graphene oxide (GO)/ZnO nanodrums. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2014, p. 020119). American Institute of Physics Inc. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054523
Naknikham, U. ;, Magnacca, G. ;, Qiao, A. ;, Kristensen, P. K., Boffa, V. ;, & Yue, Y. (2019). Phenol Abatement by Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts: Effect of The Graphene Oxide Loading. Nanomaterials, 9(7), 947 (1-11). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9070947
Rashid, S., Mazlan, N. A., Sapari, J. M., Raoov Ramachandran, M., & Pandian Sambasevam, K. (2018). Fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyaniline for removal of 2, 4-dinitrophenol. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1123, 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1123/1/012015
Sani, N. A. N. M., Mazlan, N. A., Mohamed, A. H., Sambasevam, K. P., Jantan, K. A., Ramachandran, M. R., & Sapari, J. M. (2018). Removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) by using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with polypyrrole (PPy). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 458(1), 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/458/1/012007
Shahabuddin, S., Muhamad Sarih, N., Mohamad, S., & Joon Ching, J. (2016). SrTiO3 Nanocube-Doped Polyaniline Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light. Polymers, 8(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8020027
Shrikrushna, S., Kher, J. A., & Kulkarni, M. V. (2015). Influence of Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Doping on Structural, Morphological, Electrical and Optical Properties on Polypyrrole/3C-SiC Nanocomposites. J Nanomed Nanotechnol, 6(5), 313. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000313
Su, C., Wang, L., Xu, L., & Zhang, C. (2013). Synthesis of a novel ferrocene-contained polypyrrole derivative and its performance as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 104, 302–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.127
Tseng, K.-H., Chung, M.-Y., Chang, C.-Y., & Cheng, T.-S. (2017). A Study of Photocatalysis of Methylene Blue of TiO 2 Fabricated by Electric Spark Discharge Method. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017, 9346201. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9346201
Vadivel, S., Theerthagiri, J., Madhavan, J., & Maruthamani, D. (2016). Synthesis of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite via ultrasonication method for photocatalytic applications. Materials Focus, 5(4), 393-397. https://doi.org/10.1166/mat.2016.1367
Wu, B., Zhang, X., Huang, B., Zhao, Y., Cheng, C., & Chen, H. (2017). High-Performance wireless ammonia gas sensors based on reduced graphene oxide and Nano-Silver ink hybrid material loaded on a patch antenna. Sensors (Switzerland), 17(9), 2070. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092070
Yang, S., Shen, C., Liang, Y., Tong, H., He, W., Shi, X., … Gao, H. J. (2011). Graphene nanosheets-polypyrrole hybrid material as a highly active catalyst support for formic acid electro-oxidation. Nanoscale, 3(8), 3277–3284. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10371g
Yu, F., Bai, X., Yang, C., Xu, L., & Ma, J. (2019). Reduced Graphene Oxide–P25 Nanocomposites as Efficient Photocatalysts for Degradation of Bisphenol A in Water. Catalysts, 9(7), 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9070607
Yuan, X., Floresyona, D., Aubert, P. H., Bui, T. T., Remita, S., Ghosh, S., … Remita, H. (2019). Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant with polypyrrole nanostructures under UV and visible light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 242, 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.10.002
Zhao, Y., Xia, K., Zhang, Z., Zhu, Z., Guo, Y., & Qu, Z. (2019). Facile synthesis of polypyrrole-functionalized CoFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 for removal for Hg(II). Nanomaterials, 9(3), 455 (1-21). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9030455