Journal of Tamil Peraivu (தமிழ்ப் பேராய்வு ஆய்விதழ்)

மலேசியாவில் சைவநெறி இலக்கிய ஆய்வுகளில் புதிய பார்வை (A New Perspective on Saivism Literary Studies in Malaysia)

Dr. R. Seeta Lechumi Ratha Krishnan — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Religion is the virtue of purifying souls. Religion can be said to be rooted wherever the sense of holiness appears. The way of worshipping Lord Shiva is called Saivism. Saivism is associated with Lord Shiva; God, who is the primary substance of the world, is given as the name of the ritual of worshiping clearly as 'Sivam'. Saivism is a religion based on knowledge. Many studies on this principle have been carried out in Malaysia. Almost all the studies touch upon elements of Saiva Siddhanta principles, trinity and salvation. In Malaysia the monotheistic doctrine of Saivism has long been held in high esteem by Hindus; It is being accepted. Therefore, the principle of monotheistic theory calls for extensive study of Saiva philosophical texts. University students have been carrying out considerable research in this field, and thus a collection of studies on Saivism carried out by Malaysian researchers to this day to date is provided as an appendix. In particular, the articles in the monthly journal 'Sivanarul' of the ‘Malaysia Saiva Samaya Peravai’ are pioneers in the study of monotheistic doctrine. The contents of these articles are presented through this paper, and therefore, this article addresses a new perspective on monotheistic doctrine among Malaysian researchers.

பொன்னியின் செல்வன் நாவலில் பெண்கள் கதாபாத்திரங்களின் ஆளுமை (The Empowerment of Female Characters in Ponniyin Selvan Novel)

Parvathi Wajindram, Shuhasyini Balan — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

The introduction of novels in Tamil literature was made by Tamil scholar Vedhanayagam Pillai in 1876. Since then, Tamil literature has recognized novels as a popular genre. Tamil novel literature has a distinct place reserved for Kalki Krishnamurthy among its well-established authors. His Ponniyin Selvan novel was recognized as the pinnacle of Tamil novels, centered around Chozha Empayar. In the novel, powerful characters were introduced who exhibited many traits of credibility. The female characters were particularly impressive in their empowerment qualities, challenging oppression and domination. Thus, the novel is academically conceived to explore the diverse power practices of the female characters from a feminist point of view.

தகவல் தொடர்பு தொழில்நுட்ப சொற்களிற்கான கூகுள் மொழிபெயர்ப்பு மற்றும் குருவராய இடையேயான ஒப்பீட்டு ஆய்வு (A Comparative Study Between Google Translate and Guruvaraya for Information Technology Terms)

Dr. Janani Thevananth — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Governments worldwide have extensively embraced Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to drive economic and social development, a trend observed over the past two decades in Sri Lanka. Against the backdrop of a current economic crisis, communication education is gaining traction. This surge is particularly notable in the development of vocabulary in Tamil, one of Sri Lanka's indigenous languages. Simultaneously, Tamil, a major language in India, contributes to the lexicon of communication. Amidst these developments, Google plays a pivotal role by creating dictionaries and facilitating translations. This study delves into the challenges encountered in translating ICT terminology from English to Tamil. Specifically, it focuses on 108 communication vocabulary words, examining their Tamilization as prescribed by the Ministry of Education in Sri Lanka and comparing it with Google's automatic dictionary. The findings underscore the importance of translating technical terms with meticulous care and caution. Translators are reminded of the necessity to comprehend the essence of the language before embarking on the translation process. This involves a nuanced comparison to identify natural equivalents and parallel words that accurately convey the intended meaning. Notably, the study reveals shortcomings in the Google machine translation glossaries for information technology, highlighting the importance of refining these tools to ensure precise and contextually relevant translations.

அறிவு, நட்பு, நிலையாமை குறித்த அருணகிரிநாதரின் அரிய செய்திகள் (Arunagirinathar's Rare Messages on Wisdom, Friendship, and Impermanence)

Ramalingam Iyakanoo — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Social norms are values that distinguish humans from the other living things. Briefly, social norms refer to positive values practiced in a society. Man needs to understand such social norms as man's belief, thoughts and opinions are all based on these norms which determine the positive thoughts and behaviour of individuals and society itself, and to grasp insights of life to achieve personal development. On the contrary, one who deviates from these social norms undergoes sufferings and faces challenges in life as well as becomes cause of sorrows and hardship to others who depend on him. Consequently, one such person was Arunagirinathar. Arunagirinathar, who was in search of bodily pleasure had deviated from social norms, thus faced inexplainable sufferings and humiliations, and was inflicted with various diseases. Thus, Arunagirinathar emphasized various social norms in his text Tiruppukal with humanistic view that others should not experience his plights. Therefore, this paper focuses on such social norms, namely wisdom, friendship, and impermanence.

இலங்கையில் கீர்த்தனை மரபும் கிறிஸ்தவமும் (Kirtanai Tradition and Christianity in Sri Lanka)

Dr. Suhanya Aravinthon — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

The theological theory of music, which says that music is connected with God, is a concept accepted by people of all religions. Its ideology and expectations are absorbed into religious practices as a result of the acceptance of the religious person concerned. Every ritual consists primarily of singing and praising its Lord through music. Saivism sees God as the creator of music. Islam, Buddhism, Christianity and all other religions accept singing of praise to God as their important form of worship and maintain the tradition with the corresponding structure through their actions. Tamil plays an important role in the Sri Lankan population and has a musical tradition of its own. Based on this, this review examines the place of this Tamil Islam in the course of Christianity, which once had the most prominent place in history, and tries to record the contribution of Christianity to the development of Tamil Islam in Sri Lanka.

வேளாண்வேதம் நவிலும் வாழ்வியல் சார்ந்த அறக்கோட்பாடுகள் (Agricultural Vedas Are Also Based on Bioethical Principles)

Dr. J. Jothimani — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Tamil literature is ancient and unique in the history of the people of the world. Among them, there are many types of literature that flourished in the field of Tamil literature and the special one is Neeti literature. This great type of literature is not only a living literature but also a guiding literature. The literature of the Sangam period, which followed the Sangam period, emphasized justice and morality in abundance. The reason is that during the rule of Kalaprara who came from the north, Akamarabha and Purarabha were pushed out during the Sangha period. The way of life of Tamils changed. Justice and virtue were needed in that context. The collection of books that appeared then is eighteen books. One of the eighteen scriptures is Nalatiyar. It is also known as Agriculture Veda. This book is a collection of songs written by many Jain sages in their work. In Nalatiyar, who has been given such a privilege, the human society should live in the world as morals that can be improved. You can also learn about life messages such as getting education and self-confidence to excel.

இணைவகுப்புச்சூழலில் தமிழ்மொழி இலக்கணக் கற்றல் கற்பித்தலில் ஆசிரியர்கள் எதிர்நோக்கும் சவால்கள் (The Challengers of Teaching and Learning Tamil Languange Grammar in Multigrading Classes Environment)

Chandru Muthiah, Associate Professor Dr. Manonmani Devi M.A.R Annamalai — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Tamil schools with multigrading classes schools are now springing up in Malaysia, especially in estate areas and not so much in urban areas. This creates a situation where students of different ages have to attend the same class. Teachers should also teach defined grammar skills at the same time. This study shows the challenges faced by teachers in time management and matching skills in Tamil grammar in 4th and 5th grade. This study was also conducted with 6 tamil language teachers in the Northern region. This is a qualitative study using semi-structured interview method. Research results show that even if teachers can only shell out 30 minutes on each lesson, students still depend on the teacher's explanations. Research also shows that mixed classes have different student levels and teachers don't give appropriate explanations for students with good and poor grammar. Teachers also reported that they were unable to perform the activities intended for grammar instruction. Looking at the skill mix, it was found that teachers encountered problems with sentence formation during the same period of instruction. Finally, research has also shown that teachers have difficulty associate Tamil words called ‘punarchi’.

சித்ரமுத்து அடிகளாரின் குருமதிமாலை சுட்டும் நிலையாமை (Impermanence Mentioned by Chitramuthu Adigalar in Kurumatimalai)

Dr. R. Seeta Lechumi Ratha Krishnan, Arun Balan — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Chitramuthu Adigal is one of the Siddhas who lived in the 20th century and he is known as 'Cittu Viḷaiyāṭāc Cittar’. He lived for 95 years and has published a book titled 'Aruloli' based on his experiences in the form of poetry. Although there are 18 works in this book, the main objective of this study is to reveal the impermanence found in the works of 'Kurumatimālai'. This study is based on library research. In this way, the messages mentioned by Chitramuthu Adigalar under the subtopics of impermanence of emotions, impermanence of wealth, impermanence of life and impermanence of body are analyzed here. In today's modern era, human lives in his life with a passion for many things, thinking that is permanent. But he did not realize the truth that they are all impermanent. Realizing this quality of human being, Chitramuthu Adigal has prioritized the concepts of impermanence in his poems. In this way, this research is intended to create awareness among the people by emphasizing the truths about impermanence mentioned by Chitramuthu Adigalar in Kurumatimālai.

தமிழகப் போர்முறைகள் (The Methods of Warfare in Tamilnadu)

Dr. V. Renuka — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Ancient Tamil Nadu was much wider than it is today. Movenders, Mudimannars, small landowners Tamil Nadu has become a war - torn land even before many people think that. Wars in general are abhorrent, unnecessary, even if the usefulness of wars is considered to be destruction, this does not deny the interpretation of wars as a cultural component of a society. When one ethnic group conflicts with another ethnic group and starts war, it becomes more and more united with itself. Its strength and pedigree are assured. Like no other language in the world, the Tamil language is the written evidence of the ancient Tamils martial arts to the world. Vetchi, Karanthai, Vanchi, Kanchi, Notchi, Ulinai, Thumbai, and Vagai, the octogenarians mentioned in Tolkappiyam, are war-based epics. In the Tamil society, which lived as a cultured and civilized society, the ethics of war were clearly defined and followed. Cows, women, children, old people etc, were not attacked and killed in Tamilnadu warfare. The valor of that time has been with virtue. Therefore, this article examines the unique fighting methods of Tamil Nadu.

திருகோணமலை கோயில் மரபில் பெண்ணடியார்கள் - ஒரு வரலாற்று நோக்கு (Temple Girls in Trincomalee Tradition - A Historical Perspective)

Chrisdina Nirojini Mosasrupan , Gowry Luxmykanthan — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Women engaging in temple service have been found since the ancient period. In the tradition of ancient temples in Trincomalee, women known as Maanikathal, and Alathi penkal are prominent. The main objective of this study is to reveal the importance of these women in temple traditions and social and cultural aspects. This research is structured as a historical methodology. There is evidence in inscriptions of the Polonnaruwa period that the Devaradiyar were well-versed in dance and were an important role in the rituals of Trincomalee temples. And also have evidence of donations being made for their work. Some remnants of the historical development of the Devaradiyar tradition, which has a long history and many specialities, can be seen in the Trincomalee temple traditions to date. Nowadays they are doing only circumambulating the Aladi and doing some temple servise. It is worth pointing out that during the Pallavar period, women called Manikkattar were appointed to nurture music and singing. However, nowadays there are doing only hand movement, which can be seen in the festivals of Trincomalee temples. They engage in service in the temples of Thirukoneswaram, Verugal and Tambalagamam. However, it is also noteworthy that these women have changed from dancing to serving as temple servants nowadays. However, it is understood to reflect the influence of the Devaradiyar system, a feature of Chola temple administration in Tamil Nadu.

தேன்கூடு கவிதைத் தொகுப்பில் எண்வகை மெய்ப்பாடு (Eṇvakai Meyppāṭu in The Thenkoodu Poetry Anthology)

Navin G Ganeson, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Manonmani Devi M.A.R Annamalai — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

This research is dedicated to exploring the psychological nuances embedded in the Tamil poetry compilation 'Thenkoodu'. The primary objective is to conduct a psychological analysis of the eṇvakai meyppāṭu, as revealed in the 'Thenkoodu' poetry. Published in 2014, 'Thenkoodu' encompasses a collection of poems categorized under the themes of iṟaicintaṉai, iyaṟkai, moḻi, ilakkiyam, kalai, peṇmai, tāymai, kātal, nāṭu, iṉam, kumukāyam, palcuvai, vāḻttu, pārāṭṭu, and iraṅkal, with a specific focus on staged poems. Conducted through a qualitative approach, this study relies on a bibliographic research methodology for data collection. The investigation, centred around the theme of eṇvakai meyppāṭu, identifies and presents a total of eight instances within the 'Thenkoodu' collection. The findings underscore the presence of eṇvakai meyppāṭu in the poetic fabric of 'Thenkoodu', contributing to a deeper understanding of the psychological dimensions encapsulated in this literary work.

கொற்கைப்புதினம் வெளிப்படுத்தும் நெய்தல் நிலச்சூழலியலும் மாந்தர்ப்பண்பாடும் (Marine Geological Ecology An Fisheries Culture in Korkai)

Dr. S. Vimalraj — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Ecology is the space that connects land and people. The relationship between land and people creates unique identities for the ethnic group. The overall cultural identity of human populations is shaped by the ecology of their discourse. Five land biomes The rich weaving land mandarins have a unique cultural identity as they lead a tough lifestyle. Some creators of fiction choose and create storylines that utilize cultural symbols. In this way, this article brings out the weaving ecology and the cultural symbols of the people of that land, which is exemplified by Joe D. Cruz fictitious work.

சைவசித்தாந்த ஆன்ம விடுதலையில் ஆன்மிகச் சுற்றுலாவியலின் வகிபங்கு (The Role of Spiritual Tourism in Saiva Siddhanta Liberation of Soul)

K. Thavaseelan, Dr. S. Kesavan — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Saiva Siddhanta, which originated in India, states the threefold truths of Pati, Pasu, and Pasam, and is seen as the ultimate goal of Saivism and the guiding philosophy of Saivite life. Although it originated in the Vedic period, there are clear concepts in the Twelve Tirumurais and the Fourteen Meikanda Satras. One of its main features is ' liberation of soul'. Liberation of the soul is the liberation of the soul from the affections and the attainment of Padhi. The means of attaining it through practical life are explained by the temples which are spiritual tourism centers. Therefore, this review is carried out under the title 'The Role of Spiritual Tourism in Saiva Siddhanta Liberation of Soul' with the aim of revealing the contribution of spiritual tourism to achieve the concepts of liberation of soul found in Saiva Siddhanta.

மனுதர்ம சாத்திரத்திலும் திருக்குறளிலும் விருந்தோம்பலறம்: ஒரு தத்துவவியல் பகுப்பாய்வு (Hospitality in Manu Dharma Sastra and Tirukkural: A Philosophical Analysis)

Dr. Ratnasabapathy Premkumar — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Manu dharma Sastra is an ancient ethical and legal text for Hindus composed by Manu during the period of the 3^rd century B.C. and Tirukkural, conceived the Veda for all, and was composed by Tiruvalluvar which dates back to 3^rd century A.D to 5th Century A.D. Both texts comprise moral teachings for humanity and speak about the virtue of hospitality. Even though some Tamil Scholars inferred the influence of Manudharma Sastra on Tirukkural, Tirukkural reveals some unique characteristics which substantially differ it from Manu Dharma Sastra, Both texts attribute many metaphysical ideas to hospitality. On the one hand, Manu dharma Sastra connects hospitality to ethical rules, rituals, and violation of the rules and their consequences based on Hindu Varna Ashrama Dharma. On the other hand, Tirukkural narrates hospitality based on philosophical systems and thoughts that prevailed in the period of righteousness (Post-Sangam period) in Tamil Nadu. For Valluvar, hospitality is more conceived as an essential duty for a householder than Manu and the hospitality of Manu is more associated with religious and ritual systems than that of Valluvar. The hospitality of Valluvar could be attributed to humanitarian and materialistic aspects compared to the Hospitality of Manu. Thus, this study unearths similarities and differences between the texts on hospitality and tries to reveal unique features of the hospitality of Tirukkural.

வாழ்வியல் தத்துவத்தை கற்பிக்கும் இலங்கைத்தமிழ் பாரம்பரிய விளையாட்டுகள் (Traditional Sri Lankan Tamil Games That Teach Philosophy of Life)

Thevanayagam Thevananth — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0800

Traditional games contain four main elements: space, sound, movement, and language. At its most basic, a life action becomes a game when it is re-enacted. A story that is re-enacted in this, in which interactive characters, conditions for character interaction, songs, dialogues, fantasy creations, and situations where reality and fiction are mixed, many characteristic levels can be found in the game, such as closeness to life and understanding. UNESCO (2003) defines 'Intangible Cultural Heritage' as practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, and skills - as well as associated tools, objects, artifacts, and cultural spaces - that communities, groups, and sometimes their cultural regions recognize. This study in Sri Lanka Examines the traditional sports in circulation among the Tamils living in the north. "Entering a sport is entering a community. Sports is a kind of symbol of culture; therefore, a deep knowledge of traditional sports practices is an important part of a community's knowledge" (Parlebas, 2005) with the idea that traditional sports are still practiced today among the Tamil-speaking people of northern Sri Lanka. Auto-Ethnography research method is used to collect data for analysis.