Community indicator for caries experience among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur: an ecological study

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to determine the ?community indicator? for dental caries among secondary school children within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL). School factors were investigated for their ability to be used as community indicators. The components encompassing school factors include: type of school, school?s examination performances at the Peperiksaan Menengah Rendah (PMR) level, in the subjects of Mathematics, Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language), Science and English, school?s socioeconomic circumstances and school?s material deprivation. The study design is ecological in nature where schools were the unit of analysis. It used aggregated data for caries experiences acquired from the Oral Health Management Information System and the school factors which were extracted from the schools? database. The subjects involved in this study were all the (75) day type secondary schools in FTKL. However, only 55 schools had complete information both for the dental caries factor and the school factors which were available for analysis. The use of bivariate analysis suggested that the school mean DMFT was significantly associated with the schools? performance in English (p= 0.02) and the schools? socioeconomic code (p= 0.005). The schools? performance in English and socioeconomic code were able to explain about 10 percent and 14 percent of the variation in the school mean DMFT respectively. The final model that included both variables together explained about 17 percent of the variation in school mean DMFT. As a conclusion, this study suggests that the schools? performance in English at the PMR level and the schools? socioeconomic code could be used as community indicator to identify secondary schools with higher caries level in FTKL. Nevertheless, further improvement of the model is needed in order to create a more reliable indicator.